1.2 Computer Hardware & Software

A computer system consists of physical components and software that work
together to perform different tasks. Hardware refers to the physical parts
of a computer that can be seen and touched, while software consists of
programs and instructions that tell the hardware what to do.

What You Will Learn

• Hardware: Understand the physical components of a computer.
• Software: Understand programs and applications used by computers.
• CPU: Learn the purpose of the Central Processing Unit.
• RAM: Understand temporary memory and its role in computer performance.
• Storage: Learn about hard drives, SSDs, USB drives, and other storage devices.
• System Software: Understand operating systems and related system software.
• Application Software: Understand programs used for specific tasks.

Computer Hardware

Hardware includes components such as the monitor, keyboard, mouse, CPU,
motherboard, RAM, storage drive, printer, speakers, webcam, and other
connected devices.

Computer Software

Software provides instructions that allow computer hardware to perform tasks.
Examples include operating systems, web browsers, word processors,
spreadsheet applications, media players, and communication applications.

CPU and Memory

The Central Processing Unit performs instructions and calculations required
by computer programs. RAM provides temporary working memory used by
applications while they are running.

Storage Devices

Storage devices retain files and programs for future use. Common examples
include SSDs, hard drives, USB flash drives, memory cards, and external
storage devices.

Practical Activities

• Identify hardware components on a computer.
• Identify available RAM and storage.
• Identify installed applications.
• Differentiate between hardware and software.
• Identify different storage devices.

Learning Outcome

Learners will be able to identify common computer hardware and software,
understand their purposes, and explain how they work together.